The Denials of Peter.
This Is
Appendix 160 From The Companion Bible.
There are several facts that have to be noticed before we can arrive
at a clear understanding of all the denials recorded of Peter by the
four evangelists :-
We have to note that the fact that Peter would deny His Lord
was foretold in three distinct prophecies uttered on
three separate occasions, and differing both as to the occasion and
as to particulars.
The first was in the upper chamber,
recorded in John 13:38.
It was absolute as to the fact, general as to the
day, but particular as to the number
of denials : "a cock shall by no means crow [from this
time forth] until thou has denied Me thrice" (see
Appendix 156).
The second was in the upper chamber,
recorded by Luke 22:34.
It was after the "strife", and immediately before
leaving the room. It was absolute as to the fact,
but particular as to the day and the number
of denials : "a cock shall not crow this day, before thou
wilt thrice deny knowest Me" (see Appendix
156).
The third was after the Lord had left the
city and immediately before entering the garden of Gethsemane.
It is recorded in Mark 14:30,
and was particular in every detail : "Verily
I say unto thee that (hoti) thou (added by all the
texts) this day, in this night, before a cock crow twice, thrice
thou wilt deny Me". Compare the fulfilment, and see
Appendix 156.
This last prophecy furnishes the key to the whole problem.
For, note :-
-
(a) that a cock was to crow twice, and
-
(b) that Peter would deny thrice ;
that is to say, before each of the two cockcrowings Peter
would thrice deny His Lord. This is confirmed by the repetition
in the fulfilment (Mark 14:72).
Thus, there would be six denials in all;
three before each cockcrowing".
Note that the word "cock" has no Article in
any of the four records : in each case it is not "the",
but "a cockcrowing".
Consonant with these data, we have the remarkable fact that
Matthew, Luke, and John each record three denials, and one
concluding cockcrowing. Mark also records three denials, but
mentions the two cockcrowings.
Consequently, in the four Gospels there are no less
than twelve denials mentioned. And the questions are, which of these
are duplicates, and which are the resulting six
required by the Lord's third prophecy in Mark 14:30
?
If we note accurately the marks of time in
each Gospel, the place, and the persons
addressing Peter, every condition required by each of the Greek
words employed is fully and perfectly satisfied, without a shadow or
suggestion of "discrepancy".
The First Series of Three.
The First Denial, John 18:17.
Place : the door (thura)
without. Time : entering. The questioner
: the porteress (Greek thuroros).
The Second Denial, Matthew 26:70
(Mark 14:68).
Place : the hall (aule).
Time : sitting. Questioner : a certain
maid. Luke 22:56
- 58
combines the same place and time, with the same maid, and
another (heteros, masculine).
The Third Denial, Matthew 26:71.
Place : the gateway, or porch (pulon).
Time : an interval of an hour. John 18:25,
26
combines the same place and time, with another maid and
bystanders, one of them being a relative of Malchus.
A COCK CREW.
(Mark 14:68.
John 18:27.)
The Second Series of Three.
The First Denial, Mark 14:69.
Place : "beneath in the hall".
Time : shortly after. Questioner
: the maid again.
The Second Denial, Matthew 26:73
(Mark 14:70).
Place : the gate (pulon).
Time : shortly after. Questioner : the
bystanders.
The Third Denial (Luke 22:59,
60).
Place : the midst of the hall (aule,
verse
55).
Time : "an hour after" (verse
59).
Questioner : a certain one (masculine).
A
COCK CREW.
(Matthew 26:74.
Mark 14:72.
Luke 22:61.)
We thus have a combined record in which there remains no
difficulty, while each word retains its own true grammatical sense.
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